Uphando olutsha lolwandle lubonisa ukuba i-meltwater yase-Antarctica icothisa imisinga enzulu yolwandle enempembelelo ngokuthe ngqo kwimozulu yoMhlaba.
Iilwandle zehlabathi zinokubonakala zifana ngokufanelekileyo xa zijongwa ukusuka kumgangatho wenqanawa okanye inqwelomoya, kodwa kuninzi okwenzekayo ngaphantsi komhlaba. Imilambo emikhulu ithwala ubushushu obusuka kwiindawo ezishushu ukuya kwi-Arctic kunye ne-Antarctica, apho amanzi apholileyo aze aqukuqele kwakhona ukuya kwi-ikhweyitha. Abantu abahlala kunxweme olusempuma yoMntla Merika naseYurophu baqhelene neGulf Stream. Ngaphandle kwayo, ezi ndawo bezingayi kuhlala abantu, kodwa beziya kubanda kakhulu kunokuba zinjalo ngoku.
Lo mfanekiso ubonisa indlela yelizwe jikelele. Iintolo eziluhlaza zibonisa indlela yokuhamba kwamanzi anzulu, abandayo, axineneyo. Iintolo ezibomvu zibonisa indlela yamanzi angaphezulu afudumeleyo nangaphantsi. Kuqikelelwa ukuba “ipakethi” yamanzi inokuthabatha iminyaka eli-1 000 ukugqibezela uhambo lwayo ngebhanti yokuthutha yehlabathi. Umthombo womfanekiso: NOAA
Imisinga yolwandle, ngokungathi kunjalo, yinkqubo yokupholisa imoto. Ukuba kukho nantoni na ephazamisa ukuhamba okuqhelekileyo kwesisipholisi, kukho into embi enokwenzeka kwinjini yakho. Kwenzeka into efanayo eMhlabeni ukuba imisinga yolwandle iphazamisekile. Azincedi kuphela ukulawula ubushushu bomhlaba womhlaba, kodwa zikwabonelela ngezondlo ezibalulekileyo ezifunekayo kubomi baselwandle. Ngentla ngumzobo onikwe yi-NOAA ochaza indlela imisinga yolwandle esebenza ngayo. Ngezantsi yinkcazo yomlomo ye-NOAA.
"I-Thermohaline Circulation iqhuba inkqubo yehlabathi yemisinga yolwandle ebizwa ngokuba yi-Global Conveyor. Ibhanti lokuhambisa liqala kumphezulu wolwandle kufuphi neepali zoMntla weAtlantiki. Apha amanzi ayaphola ngenxa yobushushu be-Arctic. Aphinde abe netyuwa ngakumbi kuba xa umkhenkce wolwandle ubumba, ityuwa ayibi ngumkhenkce kwaye ihlale emanzini ajikelezileyo. Ngenxa yengqele egalelwe ityuwa isuka igalele emanzini. Ukungena kwamanzi angaphezulu kuthatha indawo yamanzi atshonayo, ukudala imisinga.
La manzi anzulu aya emazantsi, phakathi kwamazwekazi, ukunqumla i-ikhweyitha ukuya kutsho eziphelweni zeAfrika noMzantsi Merika. Imisinga yolwandle ijikeleza imida yeAntarctica, apho amanzi aphole khona kwakhona aze azike, njengakuMntla weAtlantiki. Emva kokuba ujikeleze i-Antarctica, iinxalenye ezimbini zahlukana nebhanti yokuthutha kwaye zijikela emantla.
“Njengoko sisiya emantla sisiya kwi-ikhweyitha, la macandelo mabini ayaqhekeka, afudumale, aze angabi xinene kangako njengoko enyuka phezulu.” Andula ke abuyele emazantsi nasentshona kuMzantsi weAtlantiki aze ekugqibeleni aye kuMntla weAtlantiki, apho umjikelo uqala kwakhona.
Amabhanti okuthutha ahamba kancinci kakhulu (iisentimitha ezimbalwa ngomzuzwana) kunomoya okanye imisinga yamaza (amashumi ukuya kumakhulu eesentimitha ngomzuzwana) Kuqikelelwa ukuba nayiphi na i-cubic mitha yamanzi iyakuthatha iminyaka eyi-1000 ukugqibezela uhambo lwayo lokujikeleza ihlabathi. yoMlambo iAmazon.
“Amabhanti okuthutha nawo ayinxalenye ebalulekileyo yebhayisekile yezondlo kunye nekharbon diokside kwiilwandle zehlabathi.
Uphononongo olutsha olupapashwe nge-29 kaMatshi kwiphephancwadi i-Nature lubonisa ukuba njengoko i-Antarctica ifudumala, amanzi asuka kwi-glaciers enyibilikayo anokuthi acothise le misinga yolwandlekazi nge-40 pesenti ngo-2050. Oku kuqondwa kakuhle, kodwa kunokukhokelela ekukhawulezisweni kwembalela, izikhukula kunye nokunyuka komphakamo wolwandle. Uphando lubonisa ukuba ukucotha kwemisinga yolwandle kunokutshintsha imozulu yehlabathi kangangeenkulungwane. Oku ke, kunokuba neziphumo ezininzi, kubandakanywa nokunyuka komgangatho wolwandle ngokukhawuleza, ukutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokwenzeka kolwandle olulambileyo ngaphandle kokufikelela kwimithombo ebalulekileyo yezondlo.
Unjingalwazi uMat England, ovela kwiYunivesithi yaseNew South Wales 'iZiko loPhando loTshintsho lweMozulu kunye nombhali-mbhali wophononongo olupapashwe kwijenali yeNdalo, uthe wonke umsinga onzulu wolwandle wawukwindlela yawo yangoku yokuwohloka. Ngaphambili, le mijikelo ibithatha iminyaka engaphezu kwewaka, kodwa ngoku ithatha nje amashumi ambalwa eminyaka. Oku kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza kunokuba besicinga, le mijikelo iyacotha.Sithetha ngokutshatyalaliswa kwexesha elide okunokwenzeka. “
Ukucotha kwemisinga enzulu yolwandle kungenxa yobuninzi bamanzi ezika kumgangatho wolwandle aze aqukuqelele emantla. UGqr Qian Li, owayesakuba yiYunivesithi yaseNew South Wales kwaye ngoku weMassachusetts Institute of Technology, ungumbhali okhokelayo wolu phando, olwaluququzelelwa yiNgilani. Ukuwohloka kwezoqoqosho “kuya kuyitshintsha kakhulu indlela olusabela ngayo ulwandle kubushushu, amanzi ahlaziyekileyo, ioksijini, ikharbhon nezondlo, nto leyo echaphazela iilwandlekazi zehlabathi kwiinkulungwane ezizayo,” babhala babhala ababhali. Esinye isiphumo sinokuba lutshintsho olusisiseko kwimvula – Ezinye iindawo zifumana imvula eninzi kwaye ezinye ziba ncinane kakhulu.
“Asifuni ukwenza iindlela zokuzomeleza kwezi ndawo,” utshilo u-Lee, esongeza ukuba ukucotha kolwandle kuye kwadodobalisa ulwandle olunzulu, lubandeza ioksijini. Xa izidalwa zaselwandle zisifa, zongeza izondlo kumanzi atshona phantsi kolwandle aze ajikeleze kwiilwandlekazi zehlabathi. Ezi zondlo zibuya ngexesha lokunyuka kwaye zisebenza njengokutya kwe-phytoplankton. Esi sisiseko sekhonkco lokutya kwaselwandle.
UGqr Steve Rintoul, ingcali yezolwandle kunye nengcali yoLwandle lwaseMazantsi kuRhulumente wase-Australia kwiCommonwealth Science Science and Industrial Research Organisation, uthe njengoko ukujikeleza kolwandle kwehla kancinci, izondlo ezimbalwa ziya kubuyela kulwandle oluphezulu, okuchaphazela imveliso ye-phytoplankton. kwinkulungwane.
Nje ukuba ujikelezo lokubhukuqa lucothe, sinokuluqalisa ngokutsha ngokumisa ukukhutshwa kwe-meltwater ejikeleze i-Antarctica, okuthetha ukuba sifuna imozulu epholileyo kwaye kufuneka silinde ukuba iqalise kwakhona. Ukukhutshwa kwethu okuphezulu kwegesi ye-greenhouse Okukhona silinda ixesha elide, kokukhona sizibophelela ekwenzeni utshintsho olungakumbi. Xa sijonga emva kwiminyaka engama-20 eyadlulayo, sasicinga ukuba ulwandle lwalukude kakhulu kwaye wayenombono onzulu kakhulu. cebisa ngenye indlela.”
Unjingalwazi uStefan Rahmstorf, umzobi wolwandle kunye nentloko yohlalutyo lwenkqubo yoMhlaba kwiZiko lasePotsdam loPhando lweMpembelelo yeMozulu, uthe uphononongo olutsha lubonisa ukuba "imozulu ejikeleze i-Antarctica kungenzeka ibe buthathaka ngakumbi kumashumi eminyaka ezayo." Ingxelo yemozulu yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo “ineentsilelo ezinkulu nekudala ikho” kuba ayibonisi indlela amanzi anyibilikayo abuchaphazela ngayo ubunzulu bolwandle. “Amanzi anyibilikayo anyibilikisa isiqulatho setyuwa kwezi ndawo zolwandle, nto leyo eyenza ukuba amanzi angabixinene kangako ukuze angabi nabunzima obaneleyo bokutshona nokutyhala amanzi sele ekhona.”
Njengoko i-avareji yobushushu behlabathi iqhubeka nokunyuka, kukho unxibelelwano phakathi kokucotha kwemisinga yolwandle kunye nemfuneko enokubakho ye-geoengineering ukupholisa iplanethi. Zombini ziya kuba nemiphumo engalindelekanga enokuba nemiphumo emibi kubomi babantu kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi.
Isisombululo, ewe, kukunciphisa kakhulu ukukhutshwa kwekharbon diokside kunye ne-methane, kodwa iinkokeli zehlabathi ziye zacotha ukujongana nale miba ngenxa yokuba ukwenza oko kuya kukhokelela kumqolo ovela kubaboneleli be-fossil kunye nomsindo wabathengi abaxhomekeke kumafutha e-fossil. Amafutha afaka amafutha kwiimoto, afudumeza amakhaya kunye namandla e-Intanethi.
Ukuba iUnited States ibizimisele ngokwenza abathengi bahlawule ilahleko ebangelwe kukutsha kwamafutha efosili, ixabiso lombane ophuma kwiziko lombane elibaswa ngamalahle beliya kuphinda kabini okanye kathathu, yaye ixabiso lepetroli beliya kuba ngaphezu kweedola ezili-10 iilitha. Ukuba kwenzeka nayiphi na kwezi zingasentla, uninzi lwabavoti luya kukhwaza luvotele abaviwa abathembisa ukubuyisela imihla yakudala. Ngamanye amazwi, kusenokwenzeka ukuba siya kuqhubeka sisondela kwikamva elingaqinisekanga, yaye abantwana bethu nabazukulwana bethu baya kubandezeleka ngenxa yokusilela kwethu ukwenza nayiphi na indlela enentsingiselo.
Unjingalwazi uRahmstorff uthe omnye umba oxhalabisayo wokucotha kwemisinga yolwandle ebangelwa kukwanda kwamanzi anyibilikayo e-Antarctica kukuba ukucotha kwemisinga enzulu yolwandle kunokuchaphazela isixa sekharbon diokside enokugcinwa kumanzi anzulu olwandle. Sinokunceda ukunciphisa le meko ngokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kunye ne-methane, kodwa kukho ubungqina obuncinane bokuba ukuthanda kwezopolitiko ukwenza oko kukho.
USteve ubhala malunga nokudibana kwetekhnoloji kunye nokuzinza ukusuka kwikhaya lakhe eFlorida okanye naphi na apho amandla anokumsa khona. Wayenebhongo “ngokuvuswa” kwaye wayengakhathali ukuba kutheni iglasi yophuka. Ukholelwa ngokuqinileyo kumazwi kaSocrates, awawathetha kwiminyaka engama-3 000 eyadlulayo: “Imfihlelo yenguqu kukunikela ingqalelo epheleleyo kungekhona ekulweni nezinto ezindala, kodwa ekwakheni esitsha.”
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