Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukukhawulezisa ulungelelwaniso lolwakhiwo lweshishini lokutya, ukukhuthaza inguqu kwimizi-mveliso kunye nophuculo, kunye nokwakha inkqubo yeshishini lokutya yanamhlanje eneempawu zaseTshayina, ukuxinana kweshishini kushishino lokutya lwasekhaya kuye kwanda kakhulu, ukwandiswa kwesikali seshishini, ukongezwa komthamo wemveliso, ukusebenza kakuhle kwezixhobo, inqanaba lokuzenzekelayo lineemfuno ezongezelelweyo. Ke ngoko, izixhobo ezizihambelayo zokuhambisa ukutya zingenise amathuba amakhulu entengiso.
Ngokwenkqubo yezothutho yamashishini ahlukeneyo emveliso, umgca wendibano ngenxa yomthamo wayo omkhulu wokuhambisa, umgama omde wokuhanjiswa, kumsebenzi wemveliso unokuba ** izinga lokusebenza ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngokuphindaphindiweyo, kwaye unesingqisho esinamandla. Izinto ezifakwayo kwimisebenzi yemveliso yomgca wokudityaniswa zezi: ukuhambisa ipleyiti yokutya, isihambisi sebhanti lokutya, umnatha wokutya ohambisa ibhanti, ukuhambisa ukutya okuqengqelekayo, isikrufu sokutya kunye nebhakethi yokuhambisa ilifti yokutya.
Ibhanti lokutya elihambisa iplastiki enemeko yophuhliso lwezindlu
Izindlu zeplastiki zemveli ezithwele iintsimbi zoomatshini bokuhambisa ibhanti lokutya zisekwe kwinto enye yobunjineli beplastiki. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukuziqhelanisa noluhlu olubanzi lweemfuno zesicelo, ngakumbi ukutya, amayeza, isiselo kunye namanye amashishini kwindawo yemveliso, ukuthembeka kwezixhobo, iimfuno zobuchule bezixhobo ziyaqhubeka nokuphucula, izinto ezininzi ezidibeneyo ezidibeneyo zeplastiki ezithwele izindlu zidlala indima ebalulekileyo.
Izindlu zeplastiki ezithwele iplastiki ngokongezwa kwefiber ehlanganisiweyo, inokufikelela kwi-high compression resistance, ukumelana nobushushu kunye nokumelana nokunyuka, i-fiber edibeneyo ngokwayo ineempawu ezintle zokukhuhlana; Ukongeza igrisi eqinileyo, izinto zokwenziwa ezikhethiweyo kunye nemicu edibeneyo edibeneyo ukunceda ukunciphisa ukukhuhlana. Izindlu ezithwele iplastiki zineempawu ezibalaseleyo zokukhuhlana, kodwa zikwanazo nokuchaneka okuphezulu, ukwanda kwe-thermal ephantsi, ukufunxwa kwamanzi aphantsi, ukumelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu, ukuxhathisa kokuhamba kunye nezinye iimpawu.
Izinto zeplastiki ezithwele ukuveliswa kwezindlu, njengohlobo olutsha lwezinto ze-polymer, i-friction coefficient incinci, ukusuka kwilahleko enganyangekiyo yendalo, iplastiki enezixhobo zokuvelisa izindlu kunentsimbi eqhelekileyo yekhabhoni kunye nezinye izinto ezifana nezindlu zokuthwala ziyakwazi ukunxiba, kwaye nazo zineempawu zokuzithambisa. Iimeko ze-self-lubrication yi-cohesion phakathi kwee-athomu ukuba zibe zincinci, i-molecular structure ye-athomu zicwangciswe ngokulinganayo, ukongeza ekusebenzeni kokuthambisa kunye neemeko zokuthambisa. Amandla omgangatho wezindlu ezithwele iplastiki aphakamileyo kwaye agudileyo kakhulu, ngokusisiseko ayibonakali inxinana, ineepropati ezilungileyo zokuzithambisa kunye ne-coefficient ephantsi yokukhuhlana, ngokuhambelana nezibonelelo zemveli zezindlu ezithwele iplastiki ngokwesiseko somsebenzi wemveliso zinokusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo ngakumbi okanye kwisantya esiphezulu sokusebenza komthumeli. Izindlu zeplastiki ezithwele iplastiki zinokuqulatha izinto ze-alkaline kwindawo yokusebenza, zidlala indima engcono, kodwa ayifanelekanga kwiindawo ezitshabalalisayo eziqulethe izinto ezine-acidic eziqhuba imisebenzi. Izindlu zeplastiki ezithweleyo zinobulukhuni obuphezulu kunye nobunzima, kwaye nakwindawo yokusebenza yobushushu obuphantsi, amandla okumelana neempembelelo aphezulu.
Izindlu ezithwele iplastiki licandelo eliyimfuneko nelibalulekileyo lokuhambisa ibhanti lokutya koomatshini kunye nokuhanjiswa kwezixhobo, kwimveliso yemisebenzi yokuhambisa kunokuphucula ngcono ukuhanjiswa kwezixhobo zokuhambisa, ngaloo ndlela kudlala indima ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa kwamandla. China yokuzala izindlu kwinkqubo yophuhliso lwenzululwazi yale mihla kunye nobuchwepheshe, ukwenzela ukwenza izindlu ezithwele ngcono ukuphucula umthamo wokuthwala, ekusebenzeni kwezindlu ezithweleyo kwakunye nezinto, baye baqhuba innovation egqwesileyo ngakumbi, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweeplastiki zobunjineli ukuvelisa izindlu ezithwele. Emva kovavanyo, izindlu zeplastiki ezithwele yomelele ngaphezu kokuqina kunye nobulukhuni beebheringi zentsimbi eziqhelekileyo, ngoko ke isetyenziswe kwimveliso yokuhambisa ibhanti yokutya kunye nokuhanjiswa kweshishini.
Umbono wevili elimile okwenkwenkwezi leendawo zokuhambisa ibhanti lokutya
I-symmetry yesakhiwo se-gear yevili elimise okwenkwenkwezi yenza ivili elimise okwenkwenkwezi kunye neetrayiti ezininzi ezisasazwa ngokulinganayo zokuhambisa ukuhanjiswa kweplanethi, kwaye phantsi kwesenzo sokuhanjiswa kwebhanti lokutya, ukwenzela ukuba ivili eliphakathi kunye nengalo ejikelezayo yokulawula ingalo ikwazi ukulungelelanisa enye kwenye, ngaloo ndlela inceda ukuphumeza indima yokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokudluliselwa. Kuphela kufuneka ukhethe ngokufanelekileyo uhlobo losasazo lweplanethi kunye nenkqubo yegiya, ungasebenzisa iigiya ezimbalwa kwaye ufumane umlinganiselo omkhulu wothumelo.
Njengoko ivili leenkwenkwezi lithatha amavili eplanethi afanayo, asasazwa ngokulinganayo malunga nevili eliphakathi, ukuze amandla e-inertia yevili leplanethi kunye nengalo ejikelezayo ilungelelane. Kwangaxeshanye, yenza ukuba inani lamazinyo abandakanyekayo ekwandeni kwe-meshing, ngoko ke intshukumo yokuhanjiswa kwegiya yeplanethi igudileyo, ukuxhathisa okunamandla ukothuka kunye nokungcangcazela, kusebenza okuthembekileyo, ngoko ke ivili lenkwenkwezi kwimveliso yokuhambisa imisebenzi, inokuba ngcono ukwenza umthumeli ogudileyo; kwangaxeshanye, ukuxhathisa kwevili lenkwenkwezi ukothuka kunye nokungcangcazela kokukwazi ukuba namandla ngokwentelekiso.
Ibhanti lokutya elihambisa ivili lokuhambisa isixhobo kwigiya, isetyenziswa ngokubanzi i-carburisation kunye ne-nitriding kunye nolunye unyango lobushushu bekhemikhali. Ukuchaneka kokwenziwa kweegiya ngokuqhelekileyo kungaphezulu kwamanqanaba amathandathu. Ngokucacileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwendawo yezinyo lukhuni, ukuchaneka okuphezulu kuyanceda ukuqhubela phambili ukuphucula umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo, ukuze ubungakanani begiya bube buncinci.
Umphezulu wezinyo elinzima, ukuchaneka okuphezulu. Izinto ezisetyenziswa ekwenzeni amavili eenkwenkwezi ziquka intsimbi ecolekileyo yengqolowa enomxholo ophezulu we-alloy kunye nokuqina okulungileyo. Njengoko ubushushu bokucima buyancipha, ukuqina kobuso bezinyo akutshintshi kakhulu, kodwa ukuqina kwentliziyo kuncipha kakhulu. Ukwanda kwekhabhoni kunye neekhompawundi ze-nitrogen zevili leenkwenkwezi kunokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo ukuxhathisa ukunxiba kunye namandla okudibana nokudinwa, kwaye isixa esifanelekileyo se-austenite eseleyo inceda ukuphucula imeko yoxinzelelo lonxibelelwano lomphezulu, emva kokuba ikharbhon kunye nenitrogen yonyango lokungeniswa, ekuxhathiseni ukunxiba, amandla okudibana nokudinwa kunye nokuguqulwa kokusebenza kobungakanani bokuguqulwa, kunokuba kuhle ukuyisebenzisa.
Indlela yokuhambisa ivili emise okwenkwenkwezi kwisantya esiphezulu sothumelo, amandla othumelo nawo makhulu ngokwentelekiso, kodwa angasetyenziswa kwisantya esisezantsi, esinzima-umsebenzi onzima wokuhambisa ibhanti lokutya, kunokuba ngcono ukudlula i-torque enkulu, ubungakanani obukhulu bomhambisi, ngoko ke ivili elimilise okwenkwenkwezi lisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimveliso yeshishini lokutya, kodwa linokusetyenziswa kwishishini lokutya elingcono, linokusetyenziswa ngakumbi kwishishini lokutya. isantya esongeziweyo isantya esongezelelweyo kunye nesantya sokutshintsha kunye nezinye iindlela ezahlukeneyo zothumelo lomatshini.
Imfuno yezixhobo ezihambisa ukutya iya isomelela kwaye isomelela
Ushishino olunzulu lwaseTshayina lweemveliso zezolimo kwibhanti yokuhambisa alunxanelwa nje inani lebhanti yentsimbi engenasici kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, inqanaba lesayensi kunye nobuchwepheshe kunye nokusebenza, umgangatho. Oku kubonisa indlela ecacileyo yophuhliso loshishino lwebhanti yebhanti yokuhambisa yaseTshayina.
I-China Food Industry Association isanda kukhupha i-"2008-2018 National Food Industry Science and Technology Development Programme" ecetywayo ukunika ingqwalaselo ephambili kuphuhliso lweentlobo ezili-15 zeemveliso zebhanti zokuhambisa. Ezi ntlobo ze-10 zeemveliso ezivela kwimeko yokwenyani kunye nemfuno, okuphambili kufuneka kunikwe ibhiya, izixhobo zokuzalisa isiselo, ukuba ziphuhliselwe ngaphezulu kwe-200,000 yeetoni / umthamo wonyaka wemveliso yomgca wemveliso, ukoyisa ubunzima bobugcisa bomatshini wokuleyibhela, uphuhliso lomatshini wokuzalisa i-aseptic ngesantya esiphezulu, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi, ukulinganisa okuchanekileyo, ukubeka iliso ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nezinye iimpawu, i-auto-functional; ingxowa yokwenza, ukuzalisa kunye nokutywinwa kwezixhobo zokuphuhlisa uluhlu lweemveliso kunye nezixhobo ezixhasayo, ukuphucula isantya sokupakisha, kunye nokuphucula isantya sokupakisha. Iimveliso kunye nezixhobo ezixhasayo zokuphucula isantya sokupakisha, ngelixa lisebenza kwifilimu enye kunye nefilimu ephindwe kabini kumatshini wokupakisha; izixhobo zokupakisha ze-aseptic, uphuhliso lwebhanti ye-aseptic indebe encinci yokuhambisa, ******; ibhokisi, izixhobo zamanqindi, kufuneka zigxininise ekuphuhlisweni kwebhokisi kunye nezinye iindlela zezixhobo zokupakisha, izixhobo zebhokisi, izixhobo zebhokisi zezinto ezincinci ukuphucula isantya kunye nokuthembeka komsebenzi, kunye nokwenza lula isakhiwo.
Kule mihla yasekhaya ngenxa yamashishini amakhulu kunye amancinci okutya asebenzisa imisebenzi yokuvelisa umgca wokuhlanganisa, kuphuhliso lwemveliso yeshishini luyaqhubeka nokwandisa utyalo-mali ngaxeshanye, kodwa lujongene nokuveliswa kwemveliso yamashishini ahlukeneyo.kunye neemfuno zothutho lwezixhobo zokuhambisa ukutya, oluyilo kunye nophuhliso lokuhambisa ukutya, uzinzo lwemathiriyeli kunye nokuhambisa ukutya kunye neminye imiba yemfuno ephezulu. Ngokwamashishini ahlukeneyo emveliso afunekayo, unokuthelekisa ixabiso lokuhambisa ukutya ngokweeparamitha zokuhambisa ukutya, imodeli, imathiriyeli kunye nohlobo lokuhambisa ukutya.
Ishishini lokulungisa ukutya laseTshayina linekamva eliqaqambileyo, ishishini lokuvelisa izixhobo ezihambisa ukutya linendlela ende yokuhamba. Umzi-mveliso wezixhobo zokuthutha zaseTshayina, uninzi lwabasebenzi bezenzululwazi kunye netekhnoloji, ukuba nobuganga bokwenza izinto ezintsha, ukufunda kakuhle, ukubambelela kubuchule besayensi nethekhnoloji, uphando kunye nophuhliso lweshishini lokulungisa ukutya laseTshayina olufuneka ngokungxamisekileyo, lufanele iimeko zelizwe zokuzenzekela okuphezulu, isantya esiphezulu, ukonga umbane wamabhanti okuhambisa umnatha kwishishini laseTshayina lokuhambisa ukutya kunye nokwenza uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lwezixhobo zokuhambisa ukutya emhlabeni!