Ukwahlukaniswa kwezinto yingxaki yendalo kubuchwephesha bokugcina. Njengoko imfuno yeemveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu iyanda, ingxaki yokutsala isitokhwe iba nzima.
Njengoko sonke sazi, i-telescopic stack stack idluliselwa kwezisombululo zisebenzayo zokwahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulahlulwa. Banokwenza uluhlu lweempahla kwiindawo, umaleko ngamnye wenziwe ngenani lezixhobo. Ukwenza uluhlu lwe-inventri ngale ndlela, umphambukeli kufuneka abaleke ngokuqhubekayo. Ngelixa intshukumo yeNtengiso yeTelescopic kufuneka ilawulwe ngesandla, i-automation yeyona ndlela isebenzayo yolawulo.
Abathengisi abanokuzibandakanya ngokuzenzekelayo banokucwangciswa ukwenza uluhlu lwe-inventri kwisayizi eyahlukeneyo, iimilo kunye nokucwangcisa. Olu tshintsho olungenamda lunokuphucula ukusebenza ngokusebenza ngokupheleleyo kunye nokuhambisa iimveliso ezisemgangathweni.
Iikontraki zichitha izigidi zeedola nyaka ngamnye ezivelisa iimveliso ezihlanganisiweyo zezicelo ezahlukeneyo. Ezona zicelo zithandwa kakhulu zibandakanya izixhobo, i-asphalt nekhonkrithi.
Inkqubo yokudala iimveliso zezi zicelo inzima kwaye ibiza kakhulu. Inkcazo yokuqina kunye nokuqina kuthetha ukuba ukubaluleka komgangatho wemveliso kuya kusilela ngakumbi nangakumbi.
Ekugqibeleni, i-probay isuswe kwisitofu kwaye ihanjiswe kwindawo apho iya kubandakanywa kwi-subgrade, i-asphalt okanye ikhonkrithi.
Izixhobo ezifunekayo ukuze kuthulule, ukuqhuma, ukutyhoboza kunye nokuhlolwa kuyabiza kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, izixhobo eziphezulu zinokuvelisa i-agregate ngokwenkcazo. Uluhlu lweempahla lunokubonakala ngathi lincinci lemveliso ehlanganisiweyo, kodwa ukuba yenziwe ngokungachanekanga, kunokubangela imveliso ehambelana ngokugqibeleleyo kunye nenkcazo yokungahambelani. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukusebenzisa iindlela zokugcina ezingalunganga kunokukhokelela ekuphulukaneni neendleko zokudala imveliso esemgangathweni.
Nangona ukubeka imveliso kwi-inventri inokulalanisa umgangatho wayo, uluhlu lwe-inventri yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yemveliso iyonke. Yindlela yokugcina iqinisekisa ukubakho kwento leyo. Ireyithi yemveliso ihlala yahlukile kwimveliso efunekayo kwisicelo esinikiweyo, kwaye uluhlu lweempahla lunceda ukwenza umahluko.
Uluhlu lweempahla lukwanika iikhontraktha indawo yokugcina indawo yokuphendula ngokufanelekileyo ukutshintsha ibango lentengiso. Ngenxa yezibonelelo ezibonelela ngokubonelela, iya kuhlala iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yemveliso iyonke. Ke ngoko, abavelisi kufuneka ngokuqhubekayo ukuphucula ubuchwepheshe bazo bokugcina ukunciphisa umngcipheko onxulumene nokugcinwa.
Isihloko esiphambili seli nqaku sizodwa. Ukwahlulahlulwahlulwa kuchazwa njengokwahlulwa kwempahla ngokobungakanani bentsumpa ". Izicelo ezahlukeneyo ze-Aggregates zifuna amabakala athile namanqanaba afanayo. Ukwahlulahlula kukhokelela kulwahluko kakhulu kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemveliso.
Ukwahlula-hlula kungenzeka naphi na kwinkqubo yokwenza imveliso ye-Aggregate emva kokuba imveliso ityumkile, ihlolwe kwaye idityaniswe kwi-gradetion efanelekileyo.
Indawo yokuqala apho isahlulo esinokwenzeka khona kwi-inventri (jonga umfanekiso 1). Nje ukuba izinto zifakwe kwi-inventri, ekugqibeleni iya kuphinda isebenze kwaye inikelwe kwindawo oya kusetyenziswa.
Indawo yesibini apho ukwahlukana khona kusenzeka ngexesha lokuqhubela kunye nokuhamba. Nje ukuba kwindawo ye-Asphalt okanye isityalo sekhonkrithi, i-aggregate ibekwe kwi-hoppers kunye / okanye kwi-bin yokugcina apho imveliso ithathiwe kwaye isetyenzisiwe.
Ukwahlukana kwenzeka kwakhona xa kugcwalisa kwaye kuhlise isimela kunye nesiciko. Ukwahlulahlulwa kuphinda kwenzeka ngexesha lokusetyenziswa komxube wokugqibela ukuya kwindlela okanye eminye indawo emva kokuba i-aggregate ixutywe kwi-asphalt okanye ikhonkrithi yomxube.
I-Homogeneous Aggregate iyimfuneko ekuvelisweni kwe-asphalt esemgangathweni ephezulu okanye ikhonkrithi. Ukuguquguquka kwi-Groyation ye-Aggregate eNcitshisiweyo yenza ukuba kungabikho nto inokwenzeka ukufumana i-asphalt okanye ikhonkrithi eyamkelekileyo.
Amasuntswana amancinci omzimba onikiweyo anendawo enkulu yendawo ephezulu kunabantu abadala abanobunzima obufanayo. Oku kudala iingxaki xa kudityaniswa i-Agegregates kwi-Asphalt okanye umxube wekhonkrithi. Ukuba ipesenti yesohlwayo kwi-Aggregate iphezulu kakhulu, kuya kubakho ukungabikho kodaka okanye i-bitumen kunye nomxube uya kuba mninzi kakhulu. Ukuba ipesenti yamasuntswana ahlanganisiweyo kwi-Aggregate iphezulu kakhulu, kuya kubakho ubuthongo okanye ibhitumene, kunye nokungqinelana komxube kuya kuba mncinci kakhulu. Iindlela ezakhiwe zivela kwi-Agegregates engafaniyo nengqibelelo engeyiyo eyakhiwe kwaye ekugqibeleni iya kuba nelindelo lobomi eliphantsi kuneziindlela ezakhiweyo kwiimveliso ezakhiweyo.
Izinto ezininzi zikhokelela ekuqondeni esitokisini. Kuba uninzi lwe-inventri lwenziwa lusebenzisa amabhanti okuhambisa, kubalulekile ukuba uqonde impembelelo yendalo yeebhanti zezinto zokuhambisa.
Njengoko ibhanti ihambisa isixhobo kwibhanti leDiscloor, ibhanti ibhukuqa kancinane njengoko iqengqeleka i-idler pilley. Oku kungenxa yokutsala kancinci kwibhanti phakathi kwe-IDler nganye. Le ntshukumo ibangela ukuba amasuntswana amancinci ahlawule ezantsi kwecandelo lomnqamlezo. Ukugquma iimbaleki ezibangelwe zibagcina phezulu.
Nje ukuba izinto eziphathekayo zifikelela kwivili lokukhupha ibhanti le-conloor, sele lihlulwe ngokuyinxenye kwinto enkulu ephezulu nangaphezulu kwempahla esezantsi. Xa izinto eziqala zihambahamba kwi-cull yevili le-checker, amasuntswana aphezulu (angaphandle) ahamba ngesantya esiphezulu kune-Ezantsi (engaphakathi). Lo mahluko kwisantya ngokukhawuleza ubangela ukuba amasuntswana aphezulu ahlukane nomsasazi ngaphambi kokuba awele kwi-stack, ngelixa amasuntswana amancinci awa ecaleni kwendawo yokuhambisa.
Kwakhona, kusenokwenzeka ukuba amasuntswana amancinci ayakunamathela kwibhanti ye-collor kwaye angakhutshelwa kude kube kubhangiswa kwebhanti yokuhambisa kude kuqhubeke kwisondo. Oku kubangela ukuba amasuntswana amahle ahlala ebuya phambi kwesitaki.
Xa izixhobo ziwela kwi-stack, amasuntswana amakhulu anendawo engaphezulu kakhulu kunamasuntswana amancinci. Oku kubangela ukuba izinto ezihlanganisiweyo ziqhubeke nokuhamba kancinci kunezixhobo ezintle. Naziphi na izinto, ezinkulu okanye ezincinci, ezibaleka ezantsi amacala esitaki kubizwa ngokuba kukuchithwa.
Ukuchitheka yenye yezona zinto ziphambili zokwahlula isitokhwe kwaye kufuneka zithintelwe ngalo lonke ixesha kunokwenzeka. Njengoko iswill iqala ukuqalisa ithambeka lamaxhoba, amasuntswana amakhulu athanda ukuronga ubude bendawo yethambeka, ngelixa izinto zenyama zithanda ukuhlala emacaleni amaxhoba. Ngenxa yoko, njengoko ukuchithwa kuqhubela phambili amacala emfumba, bambalwa kwaye bambalwa amasuntswana amahle ahlala kwizinto ezingenalo.
Xa izinto ezibonakalayo zifikelela kumda ongezantsi okanye i-toe yemfumba, idityaniswe ikakhulu kumasuntswana amakhulu. Ukuchitheka kubangela ukwahlukana okubonakalayo, okubonakala kwicandelo lesitokhwe. Inzwakazi engaphandle yemfumba inezinto ezikhoyo, ngelixa imfumba engaphakathi nengaphezulu inezinto ezilungileyo.
Ubume bamasuntswana nazo zinegalelo kwiziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Amasuntswana agudileyo okanye umjikelo anokuqengqeleka ezantsi kwithambeka ye-stack ngaphandle kwamasuntswana amahle, ahlala esikwere kwisikwere. Ukugqitha kwimida kunokukhokelela ekonakaleni kwempahla. Xa amasuntswana aqengqeleka kwelinye icala lemfumba, bayahlikihla ecaleni komnye nomnye. Oku kunxiba kuya kubangela ukuba amanye amasuntswana ahlukane nobungakanani abancinci.
Umoya sesinye isizathu sokwedwa. Emva kokuba izinto ezibonakalayo zishiya ibhanti yeDilesi kwaye iqala ukuwela kwisitaki, umoya uchaphazela umkhondo wokuhamba kwamasuntswana obukhulu obahlukeneyo. Umoya unefuthe elikhulu kwizinto ezicekeceke. Kungenxa yokuba umyinge wendawo ephezulu ukuya kubunzima bamasuntswana amancinci mkhulu ngakumbi kunelo lamasuntswana amakhulu.
I-Poplits kwi-inventri ingahluka ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwezinto ezikwindawo yokugcina izinto. Esona sixhobo sibalulekileyo ngokunxulumene nokwahlulahlulwa sisidanga sotshintsho lwe-paricle kwimpahla. Izixhobo ezinobungakanani be-particle ye-parical yophawu iya kuba nenqanaba eliphezulu lokwahlula-hlula ngexesha lokugcina. Umthetho ngokubanzi wesithupha kukuba ukuba umyinge wobungakanani obukhulu kubungakanani obukhulu obungaphezulu kwe-2: 1, kunokubakho iingxaki ngephakheji yephakheji. Kwelinye icala, ukuba ubungakanani bophawu lwe-ratical lungaphantsi kwe-2: 1, isahlulo sevolumu sincinci.
Umzekelo, izitho zixhobo ezinamandla anamasuntswana ukuya kuthi ga kwi-200 Mesh inokulibazisa ngexesha lokugcina. Nangona kunjalo, xa sigcina izinto ezinjengelitye elinamatye, ukugquma kuya kuba yinto engaqhelekanga. Kuba uninzi lwentlabathi lumanzi, kusoloko lugcina intlabathi ngaphandle kokuhlula iingxaki. Ukufuma kubangela ukuba amasuntsu anamathele kunye, ukuthintela ukwahlukana.
Xa imveliso igcinwe, i-bodwance ngamanye amaxesha ayinakwenzeka ukuthintela. Umphetho wangaphandle wemfumba egqityiweyo iquka izinto ezimbaxa, ngelixa ingaphakathi lemfumba inemibandela ephezulu. Xa uthatha izinto ezisuka esiphelweni zeefayile ezinjalo, kuyimfuneko ukuthatha i-scoops kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ukuxuba izinto. Ukuba uthatha izinto kuphela ngaphambili okanye ngasemva kwesitaki, uya kufumana zonke izinto ezikhoyo okanye zonke izinto ezintle.
Kukho amathuba okufakwa kongezwa xa kulayishwa iilori. Kubalulekile ukuba indlela esetyenzisiweyo ayibangeli ukuphuphuma. Layisha phambi kwelori kuqala, emva koko umva, kwaye ekugqibeleni phakathi. Oku kuya kunciphisa iimpembelelo zokulayisha kakhulu ngaphakathi kwilori.
Iindlela zokuphatha kwempahla zasemva kwempahla ziluncedo, kodwa injongo kufuneka ithintele okanye inciphise indawo yokuhlala ngexesha lokudalwa kwempahla. Iindlela eziluncedo zokuthintela ukuzimela zibandakanya:
Xa ifakwe kwilori, kufuneka ifakwe ngokucocekileyo kwizitampu ezahlukeneyo ukunciphisa ichibi. Izixhobo kufuneka zidityaniswe kunye usebenzisa umthwalo, ukukhulisa ubude bebhakethi epheleleyo kunye nokulahla inkunkuma, eza kuxubusha umxholo. Ukuba umthwalo kufuneka uhambise kwaye waphule izinto, ungazami ukwakha iifayile ezinkulu.
Uluhlu lweempahla kwiindawo ezikwiindawo zinokunciphisa ukwahlulahlula. Olu hlobo lokugcina izinto lunokwakhiwa nge-bulldozer. Ukuba umxholo uhanjiswe kwiyadi, i-bulldozer kufuneka ityhutyha umxholo kwi-slound maketer. Ukuba i-stack yakhiwe ngebhanti yentembelo, i-bulldozer kufuneka icofe umxholo ube ngumaleko othe tyaba. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ukhathalelo kufuneka kuthathwe ukuba ungatyhaleli umbandela ngaphezulu komda wemfumba. Oku kunokukhokelela ekuphelisweni, eso sesinye sezizathu eziphambili zokwahlukana.
Ukufakwa nge-bulldozers kunenani lezinto ezingalunganga. Imingcipheko emibini ebalulekileyo ikhutshiwe imveliso kunye nongcoliseko. Izixhobo ezinzima ezisebenza ngokuqhubekayo kwimveliso ziya kutyumza kwaye zityumze izinto. Xa usebenzisa le ndlela, abavelisi kufuneka bakulumkele ukungabi ngaphezulu kwemveliso ukuzama ukunciphisa iingxaki zokuphelisa iingxaki zokwahlukana. Umsebenzi ongezelelweyo kunye nezixhobo ezifunekayo zihlala zenza ukuba le ndlela ibiza kakhulu, kwaye abavelisi kufuneka baphesheya kuye ngexesha lokuqhubela phambili.
Ukutsala i-radlecial shards nceda ukunciphisa ifuthe lokwahlukana. Njengoko uluhlu lwe-inventri luqine, i-conlour ihamba i-rabricy ekhohlo nasekunene. Njengokuba i-conlour ihamba kakuhle, iziphelo zezitaki, zihlala zizinto eziphathekayo, ziya kugutyungelwa zizinto ezintle. Iminwe yangaphambili neyemva iya kuba rhabaxa, kodwa imfumba iya kuba ixutywe ngakumbi kunemfumba yeecones.
Kukho ubudlelwane ngqo phakathi kokuphakama kunye nokuwa ngokukhululekileyo kwento kunye nenqanaba lokuqhekeka okwenzekayo. Njengoko ukuphakama kuyanda kwaye umkhondo wezinto eziwayo ziyanda, kukho ukwahlulahlulahlulahlula kunye nezinto ezithandekayo. Ukuphakama okupheguqukayo okuguquguqukayo yenye indlela yokunciphisa ukwahlula. Kwinqanaba lokuqala, umhambisi kufuneka abe sesona sikhundla siphantsi. Umgama ukuya kwintloko yentloko kufuneka ihlale ifutshane kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Ukuwa simahla kwibhanti ye-conloor kwi-stack sesinye isizathu sokwahlukana. Izitepsi zamatye zinciphisa ukwahlulahlulwa ngokuphelisa izixhobo zokuwa zasimahla. Isiteyiri selitye sisimemelo esivumela ukuba izinto zihlise amanyathelo kwiifayile. Iyasebenza kodwa inesicelo esilinganiselweyo.
Ukwahlulwa okubangelwa ngumoya kunokuncitshiswa ngokusebenzisa ii-telescopic chuto. I-telescopic chutoting kwizithungu ze-conlor, ukusukela kwisikhuseli esisesikweni, khusela moya kwaye sinciphise ifuthe laso. Ukuba uyilwe kakuhle, inokunciphisa ukuwa ngokukhululekileyo kwempahla yempahla.
Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, sele kufihliwe kwibhanti yeDilesi ngaphambi kokufikelela kwindawo yokuphelisa. Ukongeza, xa loo nto ishiya ibhanti yeDilesi, ngakumbi ukwahlulahlula. Isondo lepaddle linokufakwa kwindawo yokukhupha ukuze kuhlawulelwe le nto. Iivili ezijikelezayo zinamaphiko okanye iipaddles ezihamba ngendlela egqwenyayo kwaye zixube indlela yezinto. Oku kuya kunciphisa ukwahlula, kodwa ukonakaliswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kungaze kwamkelekile.
Ukwahlula kunokufaka iindleko ezibalulekileyo. Uluhlu lwe-inventri olungahambelani neenkcazo lungakhokelela kwisohlwayo okanye ukwala impahla yonke. Ukuba izinto ezingahambelaniyo ziziswe kwindawo yomsebenzi, izohlwayo zinokudlula kwi- $ 0.75 ngetoni nganye. Iindleko zezabasebenzi kunye nezixhobo zokuvuselela iifayile ezisemgangathweni ezisemgangathweni zihlala zithintelwa. Ixabiso leeyure zokwakha indawo yokugcina izinto ngeBulldozer kunye ne-operatorer iphakamile kunexabiso lexabiso le-telescopic, kunye nezinto ezibonakalayo zinokubola okanye zingcolise ukulungiswa ngokufanelekileyo. Oku kunciphisa ixabiso lemveliso. Ukongeza, xa izixhobo ezinje nge-bulldozer zisetyenziselwa imisebenzi engeyiyo imveliso, kukho iindleko zamathuba ezinxulumene nokusebenzisa izixhobo xa yayinkulu kwimisebenzi yemveliso.
Enye indlela inokuthathwa ukunciphisa ifuthe lokuzahlula xa kusenziwa uluhlu kwizicelo zokuba lube yingxaki. Oku kubandakanya ukufaka iziqwengana, apho kwenziwa khona umaleko wothotho lwezitaki.
Kwicandelo le-stack, isitaki ngasinye siboniswe njengendawo encinci. Ukwahlulwa kusenzeka kwimfumba nganye ngenxa yeziphumo ezifanayo ezixoxwe ngaphambili. Nangona kunjalo, indlela yokuzahlula ihlala iphinda iphindaphindwe kuyo yonke icandelo lomnqamlezo lwemfumba. Izitavu ezinjalo kuthiwa zine "Isisombululo" esikhulu ngokuqhekeka "kuba i-gredient gredient iphinda iphinda iphinda iphinda iphinda ibuye rhoqo ngamanqanaba amancinci amancinci.
Xa kulungiswa izitampu ezinomthwalo ongaphambili, akukho sidingo sokuxuba izixhobo, njengoko umntu onesitokhwe uquka izitaki ezininzi. Xa i-stack ibuyiselwe, iminwe nganye ibonakala ngokucacileyo (jonga umfanekiso 2).
Izitavu zinokwenziwa zisebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokugcina. Enye indlela kukusebenzisa ibhulorho kunye nokuhambisa inkqubo yokuhambisa, nangona olu khetho lulungele kuphela izicelo zesilisa. Ukungaqiniseki okubonakalayo kweenkqubo zokuhambisa izithuba kukuba ukuphakama kwabo kuhlala kumiselwa, enokukhokelela ukwahlulwa komoya njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla.
Enye indlela kukusebenzisa i-teleskopic yokuhambisa. I-Telescopic ihambisa eyona ndlela isebenzayo yokwenza izitaki kwaye ihlala ikhethwa ngaphezulu kweenkqubo zeSomaries njengoko zinokufuduswa xa kufuneka zenziwe endleleni.
I-Telescopic Transdys iquka iiNkcinto (ukuhambisa abagcini Ingcebiso yokuhambisa iingceko ingashukumisa i-gener kunye nobude be-subleer yangaphandle yokutshintsha isikhundla se-pulley. Ukuphakama kwevili lokukhupha kunye nendawo ye-radial yendawo yokuhambisa iyahluka.
Utshintsho lwe-triaxial lwevili lokutsala ivili lubalulekile ukuze wenze i-piles yokubiwa eyoyisayo. Iinkqubo ze-winch winch zihlala zandisa kwaye ziphinde zibuyise iinkampani zokutya. Ukuhamba kwe-radicy yendawo yokuhambisa kunokwenziwa yinkqubo ye-chain kunye ne-sprocket okanye ngeplanethi yokuqhuba iplanethi. Ukuphakama komhambisi kuhlala kutshintshwa ngokwandisa i-telescopic ye-telescopic. Zonke ezi ntshukumo kufuneka zilawulwe ukuba zenze ngokuzenzekelayo imfumba ye-microlayer.
Ii-Telescopic ezidlulayo zinendlela yokwenza i-stilayer. Ukunciphisa ubunzulu bomaleko ngamnye kuya kunceda umda. Oku kufuna ukuba i-conlor yokuqhubeka ihamba njengoko i-inventri iyakha. Isidingo sentshukumo rhoqo yenza ukuba inyanzelekile ukuba isebenze ngokweetelscopic ezidlulayo. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezenzekelayo, ezinye zazo zibiza ixabiso eliphantsi kodwa zineentsilelo ezibalulekileyo, ngelixa ezinye zicwangcisiwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye zibonelela ngokuthe cwaka ngakumbi kwindalo yokudalwa kwempahla.
Xa i-conloor iqala ukuqokelela izinto, ihambisa i-raby ngelixa ihambisa umxholo. I-conlour ihamba de itshintshelwe umda ekhutshiwe kwi-Shoft yeShaft iqhutywa kwindlela yayo ye-radial. I-trigger ibekwe kuxhomekeke kubude be-arc ukuba umqhubi ufuna ibhanti le-conlor ukuba ahambe. Okwangoku, umsasazi uya kudlulisa kumgama omiselwe kwangaphambili kwaye uqalise ukuhamba kwelinye icala. Le nkqubo iyaqhubeka de intambo idluliselwe kulwandiso lwayo oluphezulu kunye nomaleko wokuqala ugqityiwe.
Xa inqanaba lesibini sakhiwa, iphuli iqala ukubuyisa ulwandiso lwayo oluphezulu, ukuhambisa i-raby kunye nokubuyisa kumda we-Arcute. Yakha ii-Lailers kude kube i-spy switch iphakanyiswe kwivili lenkxaso lenziwa yimfumba.
I-conlour izakunyuka umgama omiselweyo kwaye uqalise ukuphakamisa okwesibini. Yonke loo nto inyule inokubandakanya iilethi ezininzi, kuxhomekeka kwisantya sezinto. Ukuphakamisa okwesibini kuyafana nowokuqala, njalo njalo kude kube kwakhiwe imfumba yonke. Inxalenye enkulu yemfumba yesiphumo iyadinwa, kodwa kukho i-vebles kwimiphetho yemfumba nganye. Kungenxa yokuba iibhanti zokuhambisa azinakulungelelanisa ngokuzenzekelayo isikhundla sokunciphisa umda okanye izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukuba zibandakanyeke kuzo. Ukutshintshela umda wokurhoxa kufuneka kulungiswe ukuze i-verrun ayingcwabi ishafti yokuhambisa.