I-Global Durian Trade Overview ka-2023 ekhutshwe nguMbutho woKutya kunye nezoLimo weZizwe eziManyeneyo ibonisa ukuba ukuthunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle kwe-durian kuye kwanda ngamaxesha angaphezu kwe-10 kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, ukusuka malunga neetoni ezingama-80000 ngo-2003 ukuya malunga neetoni ezingama-870000 ngo-2022. Lilonke, ngaphezulu kwe-90% ye-durian yehlabathi ethunyelwa ngaphandle ibonelelwa yiThailand, kunye neVietnam kunye neMalaysia nganye ibalelwa malunga ne-3%, kwaye iiPhilippines kunye ne-Indonesia nazo zinempahla encinci yokuthumela ngaphandle. Njengomrhwebi ophambili we-durian, i-China ithenga i-95% yokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwehlabathi, ngelixa i-Singapore ithenga malunga ne-3%.
IDurian sisityalo esixabiseke kakhulu kwaye sesinye sezona ziqhamo zichumileyo kuMzantsi-mpuma Asia. Imarike yayo yokuthumela ngaphandle iye yaphumelela kule minyaka ingamashumi amabini idlulileyo. Idatha yakutshanje ibonisa ukuba urhwebo lwe-durian yehlabathi lufikelele kwincopho yeetoni ze-930000 kwi-2021. Ukukhula kwengeniso kunye nokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza ukhetho lwabathengi bamazwe angaphandle (okubaluleke kakhulu e-China), kunye nokuphuculwa kobuchwepheshe be-cold chain kunye nokunciphisa okubalulekileyo kwixesha lokuthutha, zonke zinegalelo ekwandiseni urhwebo. Nangona kungekho datha yemveliso echanekileyo, abavelisi abakhulu be-durian yiThailand, iMalaysia, kunye ne-Indonesia, kunye nemveliso eqikelelweyo ye-3 yezigidi zeetoni ngonyaka. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iThailand ngowona mthengisi uphambili we-durian, ibalwa kwi-94% ye-avareji yokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe phakathi kwe-2020 kunye ne-2022. Umthamo oseleyo worhwebo uphantse unikezelwe yiVietnam kunye neMalaysia, nganye ibalwa malunga ne-3%. I-durian eveliswa e-Indonesia inikezelwa ikakhulu kwimarike yasekhaya.
Njengomrhwebi ophambili we-durian, i-China yathenga umndilili omalunga neetoni ezingama-740000 ze-durian ngonyaka ukusuka ngo-2020 ukuya kowama-2022, okulingana ne-95% yokungeniswa kwihlabathi liphela. Uninzi lweedurians ezingeniswa eTshayina zivela eThailand, kodwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukuthengwa kwempahla evela eVietnam kuye kwanda.
Ukusabela kwimfuno ekhula ngokukhawuleza, ixabiso leyunithi yorhwebo ye-durian liye lanyuka ngokuthe ngcembe kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo. Kwinqanaba lokungenisa ukusuka ku-2021 ukuya ku-2022, ixabiso leyunithi ye-avareji yonyaka lifikelele malunga ne-$ 5000 ngetoni, amaxesha amaninzi iyunithi yexabiso leebhanana kunye neziqhamo ezinkulu zetropikhi. I-Durian ithathwa njengobumnandi obukhethekileyo eTshayina kwaye ifumana ingqwalasela eyongeziweyo kubathengi. NgoDisemba ka-2021, ukuvulwa kololiwe ohamba ngesantya esiphezulu e-China Laos kwakhuthaza ukukhula kokuthengwa kwe-durian evela e-Thailand evela e-Thailand. Kuthatha iintsuku/iiveki ukuthutha iimpahla ngelori okanye ngenqanawa. Njengekhonkco lokuhamba phakathi kweempahla zaseThailand ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kunye neTshayina, uLoliwe waseTshayina Laos udinga kuphela iiyure ezingaphezu kwama-20 ukuthutha iimpahla ngololiwe. Oku kwenza ukuba i-durian kunye nezinye iimveliso zezolimo ezitsha ezivela eThailand zihanjiswe kwimarike yaseTshayina ngexesha elifutshane, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukutsha kweemveliso. Iingxelo zamva nje zeshishini kunye nedatha yokuqala malunga nokuhamba korhwebo lwenyanga lubonisa ukuba ukungeniswa kwe-durian yaseTshayina kunyuke malunga ne-60% kwiinyanga ezisibhozo zokuqala zika-2023.
Kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe, i-durian isathathwa njengenoveli okanye imveliso ye-niche. Ukonakala okuphezulu kwe-durian entsha kwenza kube nzima ukuthutha iimveliso ezitsha uzise kwiimarike ezikude, okuthetha ukuba iimfuno zokungenisa elizweni ezinxulumene nemigangatho yokuvalelwa kwezityalo kunye nokhuseleko lwemveliso zihlala zingafezekiswa. Ke ngoko, uninzi lwe-durian ethengiswa kwihlabathi liphela iyacutshungulwa kwaye ipakishwe kwi-durian enomkhenkce, i-durian eyomileyo, ijam, kunye nezongezo zokutya. Abathengi abanalwazi nge-durian, kwaye ixabiso layo eliphezulu liye laba ngumqobo kwi-durian ukuba iqhubele phambili ekukhuliseni imarike yamazwe ngamazwe. Lilonke, xa kuthelekiswa nomthamo wokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwezinye iziqhamo zasetropiki, ngakumbi iibhanana, iipayinapile, iimango, kunye neeavokhado, ukubaluleka kwazo kuphantsi.
Nangona kunjalo, xa kujongwa umndilili ophakamileyo wexabiso lokuthumela ngaphandle kwe-durian, ifikelele kumyinge worhwebo lwehlabathi jikelele malunga ne-3 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngonyaka phakathi kuka-2020 no-2022, ngaphambi kwemango entsha kunye namapayinapile. Ukongeza, ukuthunyelwa kwe-durian entsha isuka eThailand isiya eUnited States kuphindeke ngaphezulu kokuphindwe kabini kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, ifikelele kumndilili weetoni ezingama-3000 ngonyaka phakathi kowama-2020 ukuya kowama-2022, ngexabiso eliphakathi lonyaka lokungeniswa elimalunga nezigidi ezili-10 zeedola zaseMelika, nto leyo engqina ukuba i-durian iya ithandwa kakhulu ngaphandle kweAsia. Lilonke, umndilili wexabiso lokuthumela ngaphandle kwe-durian ukusuka eThailand phakathi kuka-2021 kunye no-2022 yayiyi-3.3 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibeyeyesithathu ngobukhulu imveliso yezolimo ethunyelwa ngaphandle eThailand, emva kwerabha yendalo kunye nerayisi. Umndilili wexabiso lonyaka lokuthumela ngaphandle kwezi mveliso zimbini phakathi kuka-2021 no-2022 yayiyi-3.9 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika kunye ne-3.7 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika, ngokulandelelanayo.
La manani abonisa ukuba ukuba ii-durians ezinokonakala kakhulu zinokulawulwa ngokufanelekileyo ngokwemigangatho yoqinisekiso, ukusetyenzwa kwasemva kokuvuna, kunye nokuthuthwa, kugxilwe ekusebenzeni kakuhle kweendleko, urhwebo lwe-durian lunokuzisa amathuba amakhulu oshishino kubathengisi bangaphandle, kubandakanya namazwe anengeniso ephantsi. Kwiimarike ezinengeniso ephezulu ezifana ne-European Union kunye ne-United States, amandla emarike kakhulu axhomekeke ekwenzeni kube lula kubathengi ukuthenga esi siqhamo kunye nokomeleza ulwazi lwabathengi.