Unjingalwazi Tiffifny Shaw, Unjingalwazi, iSebe leMfundo leWeoshociences, eyunivesithi yaseChicago
I-hemisphere esemazantsi yindawo enesiphithiphithi. Imimoya kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zangama-latituds ichazwe njenge "nkqo ezinamashumi amane amashumi amane," i-degrees ezingamashumi amahlanu, kunye "nokukhwaza amashumi amathandathu amashumi amathandathu. Amaza afikelela kwi-whopping yeemitha ezingama-24 (iimitha ezingama-24).
Njengoko sonke sazi, akukho nto kwi-hemisphere esemantla enokuhambelana nezaqhwithi eziqatha, umoya namaza kuMazantsi e-Hemisphere. Ngoba?
Kwisifundo esitsha esipapashwe kwiNkxaso yeSayensi yeSizwe, oogxa bam kwaye ndiyasityhila isizathu sokuba isaqhwithi sixhaphake kakhulu kwi-hemisphere esemazantsi.
Ukudibanisa imigca eliqela lobungqina ukusuka ekuqwalaselweni, ithiyori, kunye nemodeli yemozulu, iziphumo zethu zibonisa kwindima yesiseko yolwandlekazi "kwi-cult ezinkulu ze-wimives" kunye neentaba ezinkulu kwi-hemisphere enkulu.
Sikwabonisa ukuba, ekuhambeni kwexesha, isaqhwithi esikwi-hemisphere esemazantsi, ngelixa abo bakwimpuma yeHemisphere bebengenguye. Oku kuyahambelana nemodeli yemodeli yemozulu yoMfuziselo weHlabathi.
Olu tshintsho kuba sisazi ukuba isaqhwithi esomeleleyo sinokukhokelela kwiimpembelelo eziqatha ezinje ngemimoya egqithisileyo, amaqondo obushushu kunye nemvula.
Ixesha elide, uninzi lwemozulu yemozulu yenziwa ezweni. Oku kunike izazinzulu ukuba zibe ngumfanekiso ocacileyo wesiphango kwi-hemisphere yaseNyakatho. Nangona kunjalo, kwi-hemisphere esemazantsi, egubungela malunga neepesenti ezingama-20 zomhlaba, asifumananga umfanekiso ocacileyo wezaqhwithi de kwaba kutyibilika i-satellite yafumaneka ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1970.
Ukususela kwiminyaka engamashumi eminyaka yokujonga ukusukela ekuqaleni kwexesha lesatellite, siyazi ukuba isaqhwithi esikwi-hemisphere esemazantsi simalunga neepesenti ezingama-24 sinamandla kunalawo akwi-hemisphere enamandla kunalowo kwi-hemisphere ye-Heisphere.
Oku kubonisiwe kwimephu engezantsi, ebonisa ubungakanani obukhulu bonyaka we-hemisphere ye-hemisphere (ephezulu), i-himisphere ye-himisphere (ezantsi) ukuya kuthi ga ngo-1980 ukuya kuthi ga kwimephu.)
Imephu ibonisa ubukhulu bezaqhwithi eziqhubekayo kulwandle olusezantsi kwi-Hemisphere kunye ne-Oceans yazo kwi-Oceans yePasifiki ne-Atlantic Oceans (e-Daded kwi-Orenji) kwi-Orenji. Imephu yoohluko ibonisa ukuba isaqhwithi somelele kwi-hemisphere esemazantsi kune-hemisphere esemantla (i-orenji ye-orenji) ngamandla amaninzi.
Nangona zininzi iithiyori ezahlukeneyo, akukho mntu unika inkcazo eqinisekileyo yomehluko phakathi kwe-hemispheres ezimbini.
Ukufumana izizathu kubonakala ngathi ungumsebenzi onzima. Ungayiqonda njani inkqubo entsonkothileyo ye-spanings spanlitha zamawaka eekhilomitha njengemozulu? Asinakuwubeka umhlaba ngembiza kwaye siyifunde. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuyinzululwazi olufundayo abafundayo kwiFizi zemozulu. Sisebenzisa imithetho ye-physics kwaye sizisebenzise ukuze siqonde umoya wemozulu nomhlaba.
Owona mzekelo ubalaseleyo wale ndlela ngumsebenzi wobuvulindlela bukaGqr Shuro Manabe, ofumene ibhaso le-2021 no-Nobel Partise kwi-physics "ngenxa yokufudumala." Uqikelelo lwayo lusekwe kwiimodeli zomnyama zemozulu yomhlaba, isusela kwimodeli yeqondo lobushushu elula ukuya kwimodeli elula ye-dimeds ukuya kwimodeli emithathu epheleleyo. Ifunda impendulo yemozulu yokunyuka kwamanqanaba ikharbon diokside kwimodeli ye-Atsols eyahluka-hlukeneyo kunye nokubeka iliso kwimifanekiso ebonakalayo evela kwi-pronomena yendalo.
Ukuqonda ngakumbi isaqhwithi kumazantsi e-hemisphere, siqokelele imigca eliqela yobungqina, kubandakanya idatha kwiimodeli zemozulu ezisekwe kwi-fiziks. Kwinyathelo lokuqala, sifunda ukuqaphela ngokwendlela amandla ahanjiswa ngayo emhlabeni wonke.
Ukususela oko umhlaba kuyindawo, umphezulu wayo ufumana i-solar ye-solar engalinganiyo ukusuka elangeni. Uninzi lwamandla lufunyenwe kwaye lufunyanwe kwikhweyitha, apho imitha yelanga ibethe umhlaba ngakumbi. Ngokwahlukileyo, izibonda ezikhanyayo ezibethayo kwii-angles ze-stip ifumana amandla amancinci.
Ishumi leminyaka lophando lubonise ukuba amandla esiphango avela kulo mahluko ngamandla. Ngokuyintloko, baguqula amandla "amileyo" agcinwe kulo mmandla "we-kinetic" amandla entshukumo. Olu tshintsho lwenzeka ngenkqubo eyaziwa ngokuba "yi-Baroclinic quise".
Olu luvo lubonisa ukuba ilanga lesehlo lingakwazi ukuchaza inani lesaqhwithi kwi-hemisphere esemazantsi, kuba zombini i-hemispheres zifumana inani elilinganayo lokukhanya kwelanga. Endaweni yoko, uhlalutyo lwethu olujongiweyo lubonisa ukuba umahluko kubunzulu besaqhwithi phakathi kwamazantsi nasemantla anokuba ngenxa yezinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo.
Okokuqala, ukuthuthwa kwamandla olwandle, ngokufuthi kubhekiswa kwi-"yokubila ibhanti." Amanzi ahamba ecaleni kwe-North Pole, ehamba ecaleni kolwandle, anyuka ejikeleze iAntarctica, aze abuyele ngasemva kwikhweyitha, ephethe amanzi ngayo. Iziphumo zokugqibela kukudluliselwa kwamandla kwi-antarctica ukuya kwi-North Pole. Oku kudala umahluko omkhulu wamandla phakathi kweikhweyitha kunye nezibonda kwi-hemisphere esemazantsi kunakwicala lasemantla kwi-hemisphere kwi-hemisphere esemazantsi.
Into yesibini ziintaba ezinkulu kwi-Hemisphere yaseNyakatho, ethi, njengomsebenzi wangaphambili kaMabit, ophethe izaqhwithi. Imijelo yomoya ngaphezulu kweentaba ezinkulu zenza iindawo eziphakamileyo nezilori ezinciphisa inani lamandla afumanekayo kwizaqhwithi.
Nangona kunjalo, uhlalutyo lwedatha ebukeleyo yedwa ayinakuqinisekisa ezi zinto zibangela, kuba zininzi izinto ezisebenza kwaye zinxibelelana ngaxeshanye. Kwakhona, asinakubakhupheli ngaphandle umntu ngamnye ukubangela ukubaluleka kwabo.
Ukwenza oku, kufuneka sisebenzise imodeli yemozulu ukuze sifunde indlela utshintsho oluguqukayo xa izinto ezahlukeneyo zisusiwe.
Xa sazilahla iiNtaba zoMhlaba kwiSimola, umahluko kubunzulu besaqhwithi phakathi kwe-hemispheres yayikhethwe. Xa sisusa ibhanti le-bhanti yolwandle, esinye isiqingatha somahluko wesaqhwithi sasingasekho. Yiyo loo nto, okokuqala, sityhila inkcazo yekhonkrithi kwi-hemisphere esemazantsi.
Kuba izaqhwithi zinxulunyaniswa neempembelelo ezinzima zentlalo ezinjengeendlela ezinamandla, amaqondo obushushu kunye noqoqosho, umbuzo obalulekileyo ekufuneka siwuphendule kukuba izaqhwithi ezizayo ziya kuba namandla okanye zibuthathaka.
Fumana isishwankathelo esiqinisekisiweyo sawo onke amanqaku aphambili kunye namaphepha ukusuka kwikhabhoni emfutshane nge-imeyile. Fumana ngakumbi malunga nencwadana yethu apha.
Fumana isishwankathelo esiqinisekisiweyo sawo onke amanqaku aphambili kunye namaphepha ukusuka kwikhabhoni emfutshane nge-imeyile. Fumana ngakumbi malunga nencwadana yethu apha.
Isixhobo esiphambili ekulungiseleleni uluntu ukujongana neziphumo zotshintsho lwemozulu kukubonelelwa kwezinto ezixeliweyo kwimodeli yemozulu. Isifundo esitsha sicebisa ukuba i-avareji ye-hemisphere ye-hemisphere iya kuba nzulu kakhulu kude kube sekupheleni kwenkulungwane.
Ngokuchasene noko, utshintsho kwi-opirity ephakathi yezaqhwithi zonyaka kwi-hemisphere ye-hemisphere ixelwe kwangaphambili. Oku kungenxa yesiqhelo ngenxa yokhuphiswano lweempembelelo zexesha elikhuphisana phakathi kwe-tropiki, eyenza isaqhwithi ngamandla, kwaye sibe sifudumeza i-Arctic, ebangela ukuba babuthathaka.
Nangona kunjalo, imozulukele apha kwaye ngoku iyatshintsha. Xa sijonga utshintsho kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo, sifumanisa ukuba i-avareji yezaqhwithi sele iphakame ngakumbi ekuhambeni konyaka kwi-hemisphere esemazantsi, ngelixa iguquka kwimodeli yemodeli yemodeli yexesha elinye.
Nangona iimodeli zingaqwalaseli umqondiso, zibonisa utshintsho olwenzeka kwizizathu ezifanayo zomzimba. Oko kukuthi, utshintsho kulwandle lunyusa amanzi eqhwithi ngenxa yokuba amanzi afudumeleyo ahamba aye kwiikhweyitha kunye namanzi ebandayo aziswe kumphezulu ojikeleze i-antarctica ukuba ayitshintshe, ikhokelela kwi-polerator kunye nezibonda.
Kwi-himisphere yaseNyakatho, utshintsho lolwandle lungabikho ngokulahleka kwe-ice yolwandle kunye nekhephu, kubangela ukuba i-arctic ifumane ukukhanya kwelanga ngakumbi kwaye buthathaka umahluko phakathi kweekhweyitha kunye nezibonda.
Izibonda zokufumana impendulo echanekileyo ziphezulu. Kuya kuba yinto ebalulekileyo kumsebenzi wexesha elizayo ukufumanisa ukuba kutheni le mifanekiso iphawula umqondiso obonisiweyo, kodwa iya kuba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ukufumana impendulo efanelekileyo ngezizathu ezifanelekileyo zomzimba.
Xiao, t. et al. .
Fumana isishwankathelo esiqinisekisiweyo sawo onke amanqaku aphambili kunye namaphepha ukusuka kwikhabhoni emfutshane nge-imeyile. Fumana ngakumbi malunga nencwadana yethu apha.
Fumana isishwankathelo esiqinisekisiweyo sawo onke amanqaku aphambili kunye namaphepha ukusuka kwikhabhoni emfutshane nge-imeyile. Fumana ngakumbi malunga nencwadana yethu apha.
Ipapashwe phantsi kwelayisensi ye-CC. Unokuphinda uvelise izinto ezingafumaneki kwi-zonke iyonke yokusetyenziswa okungasebenziyo ngekhonkco kwi-carbon emfutshane kunye nekhonkco kwinqaku. Nceda unxibelelane nathi ngokusetyenziswa kwezentengiso.