Ukupakisha Umkhenkce kwi-Arctic uLwandle lwe-Arctic uwele kwinqanaba lesibini elisezantsi ukusukela ngo-1979, isayensi yase-US yatsho ukuba isayensi ithethwe ngoMvulo.
Kude kube le nyanga, kube kanye kule minyaka ingama-42 idlulileyo inomhlaba ovuthayo ogqunywe ziikhilomitha ezi-4 ezizigidi ezingama-4 ezizigidi zeekhilomitha ezizigidi ezingama-4,5 zeekhilomitha.
I-Arctic inokufumana ihlobo layo lokuqala elingenasimahla emva kwe-2035, abaphandi baxela inyanga ephelileyo kwijenali yendalo.
Kodwa yonke into enyibilikisayo ikhephu kunye nomkhenkce ayikuthethi ngokuthe ngqo amanqanaba olwandle, njengokutsala i-ice cuy ze-ices ingachithi iglasi yamanzi, efuna umbuzo onqabileyo: Ngubani okhathalayo?
Kuyavunywa, le ziindaba ezimbi zebhere zepolar, ezithi, ngokutsho kophando lwakutshanje, sele zisendleleni yokuphela.
Ewe, oku ngokuqinisekileyo kuthetha ukutshintsha okunzulu kwendawo ye-ecosy yendawo, ukusuka kwi-phytoplankton kwiminenga.
Njengoko ivela, kukho izizathu ezininzi zokukhathazeka malunga neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ze-arctic yolwandle.
Mhlawumbi eyona ngcinga isisiseko, izazinzulu zithi, Ngaba loo nto iyalela i-ice shicts ayisiyo nje luphawu lwehlabathi elitshisayo, kodwa lingumntu oqhubayo emva kwayo.
"Ukususwa komkhenkce wolwandle kubhengeza ulwandle olumnyama," edale i-geophysistic ye-Scopesco ye-Columbia yeYunivesithi ixelele i-AFP.
Kodwa xa umhlaba wesipili wathathelwa indawo ngamanzi amnyama aluhlaza, malunga nepesenti enye yamandla omhlaba athatyathwa.
Asithethi malunga nendawo ye-Stampp apha: Umahluko phakathi kweSpeyinti yomkhenkce ukusuka ngo-1979 ukuya kuthi ga ngo-1990 kunye neyona ndawo iphantsi irekhodiweyo ye-3 yezigidi zeFrance, iJamani neSpain zadityaniswa.
Iilwandle sele zifunxa iipesenti ezingama-90 zobushushu obuveliswa ziigesi ze-anthropogenic gasehla, kodwa oku kuza ngendleko, kubandakanya utshintsho lweekhemikhali, izidlo zaseselwandle ezikhulu kunye nezixhobo ezikhulu.
Inkqubo yemozulu yomhlaba ibandakanya ii-curts ezikhutshelweyo eziqhutywa yimimoya, imihlaba, kunye nokubhalwa okubizwa ngokuba yinguqu kwiqondo lobushushu ("ubushushu") kunye noxinzelelo lwetyuwa ("brine").
Nokuba iinguqu ezincinci kwibhanti yolwandlekazi yolwandlekazi
Umzekelo, phantse kwiminyaka eli-13 000 eyadlulayo, njengoko umhlaba wawudlulisela i-ice iminyaka yobudala evumele iintlobo zethu ukuba ziphumelele, iimvavanyo zehlabathi ziwehlisa i-degreees embalwa.
Ubungqina be-geological iphakamisa ukuba ukonakala kwe-thermohatiline okubangelwa kukuhamba okukhulu kunye nokukhawuleza kwe-Arctic Firewwax evela kwi-Arctic ngokuyintloko kwesomo.
"Amanzi amatsha okunyibilikisa ulwandle kunye ne-icer esentla eluphazamisekileyo kwaye ubuthathaka umsinga weGulf," inxenye yebhanti ye-Gulf, utshilo umphandi we-gettheier weyunivesithi kwi-Belgium.
"Kungenxa yoko le nto i-Europe inomomongo wokuthobeka ngakumbi kunoMntla Merika kwindawo enye efanayo."
Iphepha elikhulu lomkhenkce kuMhlaba waseGreenland olahlekelwe ziitoni ezingama-500 ezishiyiweyo kumanzi acocekileyo kunyaka ophelileyo, zonke eziza zeza elwandle.
Isixa-mali serekhodi siyinxenye ngenxa yokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu, okuphakamisa ukuphindwe kabini kwi-arctic kunelinye ilizwe.
"Izifundo ezininzi zibonakalise ukuba ukunyuka kwee-Arctic ze-Arctic ze-Arctic ziyinxenye ngenxa yobuncinci be-ice yolwandle," i-cettwiss ixelele i-AFP.
Ngokutsho kophando olupapashwe kwiMbonakalo yejenali ngoJulayi, ukulandelwa ngoku Ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane, iibhere ziya kulambela ngokwenene ekufeni.
"Ukufudumeza komntu okhonzakeleyo kwi-terminal kuthetha ukuba iibhere ze-polar zine-ice cried ehlotyeni," Isifundo esikhokelayo Stephen Armstram PARSRRUP, Inzululwazi kwi-Polar Bears International, yazisa i-AFP.